Object Oriented Programming Model

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type Animal struct {  
        Kingdom string  
        Legs    uint8
}

type Cat struct {  
        Animal // 对cat.Kingdom和cat.Legs代理给Animal
        Sound string  
        Fav   []string  
}

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#include <vector>

template <typename T>
class StackByInherit : public std::vector<T> {
public:
    void append(T val);
    T pop();
};

template <typename T>
class StackByComposite {
private:
    std::vector<T> _data; // stack-has-a-vector
public:
    void append(T val);
    T pop();
};

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package examples.oop;

// Stub classes for missing types
class Shape {}
class Color {}
class Style {}

interface Render {
    void render(Shape s);
    void renderAll(Shape[] s);
}

class GUIRenderer implements Render {
    Color color_;
    Style style_;

    public void render(Shape s) { /* Implementation here */ }

    public void renderAll(Shape[] s) { /* Implementation here */ }
}

class PNGRenderer implements Render {
    Color color_;
    Style style_;

    public void render(Shape s) { /* Implementation here */ }

    public void renderAll(Shape[] s) { /* Implementation here */ }
}

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class Player:
    def __init__(self, player_id, name, position, team):
        self.player_id = player_id
        self.name = name
        self.position = position
        self.team = team
        self.has_ball = False

    def pass_ball(self, receiver):
        if not self.has_ball:
            raise Exception(f"{self.name} does not have the ball to pass.")
        if receiver not in self.team.players:
            raise Exception(f"{receiver.name} is not a teammate.")
        self.has_ball = False
        receiver.receive_ball()
        print(f"{self.name} passed the ball to {receiver.name}.")

    def shoot(self, goal):
        if not self.has_ball:
            raise Exception(f"{self.name} cannot shoot without the ball.")
        # Domain rule: maybe check shooting position or stamina here
        self.has_ball = False
        goal.attempt_shot(self)
        print(f"{self.name} shoots at goal!")

    def intercept(self, opponent):
        # Domain rule: only if opponent has ball
        if not opponent.has_ball:
            raise Exception(f"{opponent.name} does not have the ball to intercept.")
        # Successful intercept logic could be probabilistic or based on stats
        success = True  # Simplified here
        if success:
            opponent.has_ball = False
            self.has_ball = True
            print(f"{self.name} intercepted the ball from {opponent.name}.")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name} failed to intercept the ball.")

    def receive_ball(self):
        self.has_ball = True

    def replace(self, substitute):
        if substitute.team != self.team:
            raise Exception("Substitute must be from the same team.")
        self.team.replace_player(self, substitute)
        print(f"{self.name} replaced by {substitute.name}.")

class Team:
    def __init__(self, name, players):
        self.name = name
        self.players = players  # List of Player objects

    def team_mates(self, player):
        return [p for p in self.players if p != player]

    def replace_player(self, current_player, substitute):
        if current_player not in self.players:
            raise Exception(f"{current_player.name} is not in the team.")
        self.players.remove(current_player)
        self.players.append(substitute)

class Goal:
    def __init__(self, position):
        self.position = position
        self.goals_scored = 0

    def attempt_shot(self, player):
        # Simplified scoring logic
        scored = True  # Could be probabilistic based on distance, skill, etc.
        if scored:
            self.goals_scored += 1
            print(f"Goal scored by {player.name}!")
        else:
            print(f"{player.name}'s shot missed.")

team_a = Team("Red Warriors", [])
player1 = Player(1, "Alice", "Forward", team_a)
player2 = Player(2, "Bob", "Midfielder", team_a)
team_a.players.extend([player1, player2])

goal = Goal("North End")

player1.receive_ball()
player1.pass_ball(player2)
player2.shoot(goal)